Individual liberty overrides group identity

 

Group identity vs. individual Liberty has played an outsized role in human progress and by inference societies. After the early Greek flourish, there was a rise of religions. First Christianity and then Islam became dominant religions. Human beings everywhere started having the wherewithal to rule over larger territories and impose control. Order in society became of paramount importance. Kings and religious leaders held sway. Tradition, precedence and discipline ruled. The progress in human thinking slowed down drastically. Till the age of enlightenment in Europe.

Newton, Copernicus, and Galileo in science; Locke, Descartes, Voltaire, Kant and many others ushered in the age of reason. This naturally led to the triumph of the individual over the group. Human rights started getting important. liberty, equality, freedom, opportunity, and tolerance became cardinal virtues in many parts of the world.

How has it helped in human advancement? Societies high on individual liberty (mostly Western countries) have come up with exceptional thinkers who have created new paradigms for progress. This has made these societies prosperous, and forward-looking thus fuelling a virtuous cycle. Many other societies which have been relatively prosperous have fallen into stasis after brief spurts.

The crucibles of these ideas are the schools and universities. The space that Governments and socities allow help them to seed the minds of these free thinkers who can wrestle with ideas with unecumbered minds.

The Guru of Statecraft

 Chanakya was a minister and strategist in ancient India. He was the chief advisor to Chandragupta who is recognised as the founder of the Maurya dynasty in Pataliputra.

Chanakya was born in Taxila(now in Pakistan) in 375 BC and he moved to Patalipitra in the East, a very large distance then. He helped Chandragupta expand his kingdom to be amongst the pre-eminent ones in the world. But he is more famous for writing 'Arthashastra', an ancient treatise on economics, politics and war. This text was lost in the 12th century but subsequently, a Sanskrit copy on palm leaves was discovered in 1905. 

The Arthashastra is a hugely influential book on statecraft in India. Many scholars now also refer to it for war strategy. It is one of the books from Asia along with Sun Tzu's The Art of War from that age that reflects the way people thought about war.

The book suggests conquest of the enemy as the final aim and the king can resort to any means to achieve his goal. This could include assassinations, bribery, creating rifts or using force. Chanakya was steeped in what is referred to as the school of realism for statecraft. The means did not matter to him.

On the contrary, India after independence was highly influenced by Gandhi for whom means were as important as ends.

It is difficult to hazard a guess whether Chanakya's ideas were successful. The Maurya dynasty floundered after three or four generations after Chanakya's death. There is possibly no reliable record of anyone using his tactics and being successful later.

Gandhi's way keeps getting questioned for his high idealism. The enduring appeal of Machiavelli and Chanakya suggests Gandhi is not fully successful either and the debate continues. 

The Divergent Paths of India and Pakistan

 It has been 75 years since both the countries became independent. Pakistan was carved out of British India in 1947. It consisted of East and West Pakistan. In 1971, East Pakistan separated and became Bangladesh.

Pakistan and India today stand at two very different points in their trajectories and it is interesting to see which points of departure triggered these diverse paths.

The most critical difference right at birth was the way the core identity was defined. India decided to be a secular republic whereas Pakistan decided to become an Islamic country. This meant religion was to be given primacy in the formulation of any policy. Many parts of religion are incompatible with modern democratic values and Pakistan like any other country has not been able to resolve these conflicts. This became more of a problem after the Islamic radicalisation process started by Zia Ul Haque. 

Gandhi died in January 1948. Patel died in 1950. But from the top echelons of Congress, a stellar set of leaders from Nehru, Maulana Azad, and Rajgopalchari were there to see the country through the initial tumultuous years. Nehru continued till 1964 and gave a sound democratic framework and built several institutions in the fledgeling republic. In Pakistan, Jinnah was ailing and died in 1948. The first Prime Minister Liaqat Ali Khan was shot dead in 1951. After that, the political leaders did not have that stature and the first decade after independence witnessed a lot of turbulence ending with military rule.   

The Indian founding fathers were foresighted enough to calibrate the power of armed forces. The army retained its stranglehold over power in Pakistan and over time this has led to several military coups and regimes disrupting the democratic fabric.

The basic ethos of the Indian constitution was diversity. It tried to accommodate languages, religions, and cultures. The Pakistan establishment dominated by the Urdu-speaking West Pakistan elites tried to impose their language and culture on the very different Bengali East Pakistan. This led to resentment finally culminating in the liberation of Bangladesh. This weakened the country significantly not only militarily and strategically but also psychologically. The country could not then recover from a vicious cycle of events after that. 

Today India has one of the largest economies in the world, a vaunted technological workforce, and macroeconomic stability. Pakistan is still struggling with debt and supplying basic amenities like electricity and water.

It is sad but shows how history can be cruel if people are not alert and allow their leaders to choose self-aggrandising paths over progressive thinking. 

 

The Nature of Power

 

There is a popular saying that goes like this: Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely.

A quick run through the 20th century's violence is enough to prove that. 

Hitler died in April 1945. The allied forces had captured Germany, and a few embattled Japanese regiments were waging a feeble war. The conclusion was foretold. Yet the US establishment decided to drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This killed and wounded 250 thousands people forever. These were not forces fighting the war - they were innocent people who had no direct role in the war. 

General Franco killed thousands of Spaniards who opposed him. Stalin sent millions to Siberia and got many eliminated. The Pol Pot regime in Cambodia killed fellow citizens.Many Chinese lost their lives in the Cultural Revolution.

Most of us meet many types of human beings including political leaders and it is truly impossible to find someone at a personal level who wants to indulge in genocide. But the same leaders become power-hungry and do not mind ordering mass eliminations.

It is only power and nothing else that transforms ordinary people into cruel despots. It changes their psyche. They rationalise all their inhuman actions with glib explanations. They distance their real selves from the tragedy that their actions bring. They lose their soul. Power is the evil that captures their humanity. 

India's Lunar Triumph

 

The Chandrayaan -3  mission was a testament to the prowess of ISRO. Also a glowing tribute to Indian science and technology. 

We tend to relate to the moon in various ways, through stories, myths or even as a symbol of beauty and that is why it catches the public imagination even more. But ISRO has a long series of accomplishments. Over 60 odd years, ISRO has completed 124 spacecraft/satellite missions, 93 launches and 431 international customer satellite launches. 

The key milestones range from the first rocket launch (1962), the first satellite launch (1975), the launch of own rockets for satellites (1980), space capsule recovery (2007); Chandrayaan 1, the moon impact probe(MIP) reached the surface of the moon (2008), and Mangalyaan, a space probe,  that reached and stayed on the orbit of  Mars after a 298-day journey (2013). 

Promoting scientific temper is important and the constitution recognises it too. Science does contradict most things religious, so by extension many deeply held beliefs around which we conduct ourselves. This does not make it easy to convert people to growing a deep faith in science.

On top of that people in positions of influence who get a large amount of media space, try to legitimize anti-science discourse with their comments ranging from condemning Darwin ( as important a figure as Newton), or dragging in stories from epics and passing them off as scientific claims. Recently, the country arguably paid a heavy price for several unscientific acts during COVID-19.

Tweeting, speaking and celebrating the lunar mission; a signature scientific and technological achievement is desirable but it is meaningless without genuinely promoting scientific temper.

The Light that is Gandhi

 

Gandhi is a revered figure worldwide. Mandela, Martin Luther King, and Obama are among those who count him as their inspiration. The story in India is a little different though. There are M.G. roads (Mahatma Gandhi Road) in most cities, and he stares out from currency notes and Government publications but social media is full of ugly comments about him. His assassin Godse is now quite visible too in movies and birthday celebrations. 

It is difficult to kill Gandhi however. Lincoln played his part in trying to end slavery and Gandhi was the man who ended the other ill that afflicted the world - colonialism. If slavery was justified by assuming blacks to be inferior, colonialism rationalised the white man's superiority over natives. Power, money, and technology from the ebbs and flows of history are used as proxies for superior natural ability. Silly it may be, but this is what was the intellectual bulwark for all the principal social ills in history like slavery, colonialism, and caste.

To mobilise masses in a country with multiple languages, religions and a burden of feudalism was an enormous achievement by itself. To use that force in a non-violent way to drive out the British without too much rancour with both the victims (Indians) or the vanquished like the British is unprecedented.

Add to that his incredible personal simplicity, transparency in relationships, adherence to principles despite any obstacle, use of truth and love for all bar none yet remaining primarily a political leader is impossible to replicate.

He was also a deeply original thinker, fearless, and never afraid to take risks. He did not follow any defined path and built his own ideology and modus operandi for the freedom struggle.

There is nothing more noble on Indian Independence Day than to remember this great man, a frail-looking lawyer infused with the highest ideals of humanity. 

The Shadow of History

 The rebellion of 1857 in India against the British forces is a landmark event. In early May, sepoys in the cantonment in Meerut captured the government buildings and started the uprising. The next day they rode to Delhi and appointed the 82-year-old Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Moghul emperor, then feeble and ruling actually over a small fraction of the city's area as their titular head. This gathered momentum and in a few weeks, sepoys all over the whole of North India had joined the rebellion. The Nana Saheb of Cawnpore, Laxmi Bai, and Begum Hazrat Mahal were the prominent rulers who also joined the fight.

There were many bloody battles. Two gruesome episodes in this period stand out. In Cawnpore, many British civilians were killed by the sepoys in the Bibighar massacre. After prolonged fights, the British managed to turn the tables and in September, captured Delhi again. The British forces were in a mood for revenge and they blocked Kashmere gate, the entry to what is now known as old Delhi. Over a period of 4 to 5 days, the English soldiers were allowed to kill all adult males. Many eyewitness accounts of those days speak about the streets and the river turning red with blood. It was horrific.

As a consequence of this, the crown formally then took over the administration of India from the East India Company. The next 90 years under the Raj had its own stories of loot, injustice and blood. 

India came down from contributing a quarter of the world's GDP in the early 18th century to just about an estimated 3 % in 1947 when the British left. It was wealth extraction on a massive scale.

At the same time, modern India today cannot live without Cricket( a sport it is obsessed with), bread, rail and even its passport to the world, the English language. Apart from the relatively new justice and administrative systems. 

The bad came with the good. Can this be undone? No, and it does not make sense to. The only purpose of history should be to understand it and to be aware of our current status and the structural forces that can affect us. The same dynamics existed between the allied countries like UK, US and France with Germany and Japan or even England with the US. Going back in history, similar patterns of conflicts and then mutual absorption occurred between kingdoms within India.

Those who forget history are condemned to repeat it but those who obsess over it and try to live the present with the battles of the past are also condemned to go inside its dark tunnels once again. 

Is it the power of generosity?

 

Narayan Murthy is a true legend, an icon for generations. As a successful middle-class professional in India in the 1980s, it was an audacious step  to take the plunge into entrepreneurship. And in his journey, he set several benchmarks - the first to distribute wealth through stock options to a very large base of employees, the first to insist on the highest corporate governance standards for a fledgeling business, the uncompromising adherence to values and more. In the process, he created the  $70 bn behemoth that gave a fillip to job creation and entrepreneurship in the country and built the reputation of  India flying high as an IT superpower. IT services today are the biggest exports from the country. There are very few companies anywhere that are so innovative, pioneering and that also have transformed an industry and maybe even changed a country.

He belonged to a lower-middle-class family, his father was a schoolteacher with eight children. Now he is worth about $ 4 bn and by all accounts with time, his reputation and respect keep going uph. His daughter is married to the Prime Minister of the UK. It is by all means an abundantly blessed life.

In a recent interview with his son Rohan on TV ( link below), he says his favourite character in Mahabharata is Karna for his generosity. In the story, Karna gives away anything that anybody asks for including his shield that can protect him from any weapon. He is a tragic hero, He is the finest warrior amongst the heroes,  he suffers all along from fate but that does not stop him from being always ready to sacrifice. Murthy also in a very uncharacteristic gesture, did not retain a substantial equity in Infosys as everyone would do, but shared it equitably with his co-founders and employees. Infosys Foundation has carried forward that work too. 

It is quite curious that someone who in the last few decades gave away the most has also got back the most.

https://www.msn.com/mr-in/news/other/exclusive-rohan-murthy-interviews-dad-nr-narayana-murthy-on-starting-up-sacrifices-values/vi-AA1dzxnN

The Monk Who Keeps Inspiring

 

Vivekananda is a universally respected figure, a Hindu monk who transcended boundaries between the West and the East, between Hinduism and other religions. His spirituality, bounded by rationality and yet deeply religious, resonates even today.

Ruth Harris, a Professor of Modern History at Oxford, authored a book ' Guru to the World: The Life and Legacy of Vivekananda last year. I was in a session with her at a literary festival in Jan this year. The hall was packed and every story about Vivekananda was received with a hushed awe by a well-read and cultured audience.

Vivekananda believed in gender equality and the audience was elated to know that he had an openness of a different kind when he said then if there is rebirth, he would like to be reborn as an American woman. He was so impressed by the dignity and hard work of women in the USA. He influenced Freud and Gandhi and his broad thinking married seeming conflicts. He railed against colonialism but did accept the elements of Western civilisation that were inspiring. He was a proud Hindu monk but loved meat. He was aware of the communal tensions but talked of an Indian civilisation based on Hinduism and Islam. He preached the greatness of  Hinduism, especially its philosophical underpinnings, to the public everywhere but considered all religions noble in their own ways. His speech in the Parliament of Religions in Chicago in 1893 continues to stir hearts even now.

On Jesus Christ, he said in Los Angeles in 1990: "And three years of his ministry were like one compressed, concentrated age, which it has taken nineteen hundred years to unfold, and who knows how much longer will it take." 

And on Hinduism, in Chicago in 1893: "I am proud to belong to a religion which has taught the world both tolerance and universal acceptance. We not only believe in universal toleration but we accept all religions as true."

And on the scriptures in Almora in 1898:"We want to lead mankind to the place where there is neither the Vedas nor the Bible nor the Koran; yet this has to be done by harmonising the Vedas, the Bible and the Koran."   

      

Roman Emperors

 

Dictators and emperors have been some of the most cruel and craziest individuals in human history. Modern ones like Idi Amin, Hitler or Pol Pot have got drunk with power and committed terribly heinous acts. In ancient times, some of the Roman generals and emperors were extraordinary in lives of debauchery, violence and plain madness so much so that they defy imagination.

Julius Caesar(pic on top):

He was strictly the first among equals of the First Triumvirate that ruled Rome. Some of his  acts include:

- He was against luxury and he sent inspectors to dining rooms to catch people eating illegal fine dishes.

- His public spectacles involved armies of infantry, cavalry and elephants fighting. The wild beast hunting parties went on for five days.

- His sexual escapades were numerous and had no rules. He was referred to as 'every woman's husband and every man's wife.'

- As a consul, he stole gold and replaced them with bronze.

Nero:

The infamous Nero (pictured above) fiddled while Rome burnt and his acts defy cross all limits.

- At night he would attack people going back from dinner, kill them with a knife and drop them into sewers without any reason whatsoever.

- He took a fancy to a boy Sporus, castrated him and married him. He was passionately fond of his mother Agrippina too. Subsequently, he also tried to murder her by various means and finally sicceeded in doing so.

-He once got disgusted by the old-fashioned buildings in a part of the city and set fire to them which lasted for a week. While the fire was raging, he sang ' The Fall of Troy'.

Caligula:

He was the third Roman emperor, ruled for less than 4 years and was insane, to say the least.

- He made his high officials run on foot beside his chariot for great distances in their togas.

- He had a wild animal retinue and once decide to feed them the meat of prisoners and watched it standing in the colonnade.

-He had sexual relations with hostages, his sisters and wives of all his nobles as he fancied.

- He had a cruel face and even after that, practised in front of a mirror to make his expressions more fearful.

Marcus Aurelius, much later, was the wise and thoughtful one.

 

Propaganda for Kings

 Krishnadevaraya was a powerful king who ruled in Vijaynagara in modern Andhra Pradesh from 1509 to 1529. He ruled over a vast kingdom that included an area encompassing Bengal to Karnataka. 

Allasani Peddana was a great Telugu poet and fancied himself as 'Andhrakavitapitamaha' or the Creator of Telugu poetry. He was in Krishnadevaraya's court. 

We get disturbed by propaganda and exaggerated hero worship when we see it with political leaders. In te age of democracy and equality it seems so baffling. We treat mere men as Gods. This probably has a genesis in the way in a feudal society we treated our kings. They were arbiters of justice, commanders of the army, divine inheritors who lived in the fanciest of palaces. They also had poets eulogising them to the skies.

Peddana's classic 'The Story of Manu' begins with a encomiums to the glory and prowess of the king. Some of it will embarrass even our most praise-hungry modern leaders.

" For one rich in such qualities,

for an expert rider adept at handling any sort of horse,

for one who is quiet at heart,

whose brilliant fame turned all space white,

whose sword is like a snake filling its belly with the life breaths

of enemies trembling the darkness caused by dust

kicked up by his horses' hooves in one continuous charge,

for Karma reborn, a paragon of the art of giving,

for one who is loyal to good people,

for the lover of lady poetry,

for one whose fame rolls like waves to the end of space,

makes the sun redundant,

who captured the son of the Kalinga king 

in less than half a minute,

whose mind, with all its thoughts and words, rests at the feet

of Lord Venkatesvara, the ultimate source of kindness."   

Art and Human Beings

 

Art plays an important role in modern human societies. Mona Lisa's face may be amongst the most recognised faces in the world. The Dancing Girl of Mohenjo Daro ( pic above) is in one small piece brings a vivid representation of that civilisation for us. The Nataraja is the iconic distillation of the glory of Southern India.

The cave paintings in France and Spain (image below) show us how evolved humans were in art even in the ice age. Initially, the people refused to accept that it could be from that era. But as it was proved that the paintings of horses, bison and mammoths were done by the primitive people it became clear that even in basic, pre-historic conditions art came naturally to humans and it may have allowed them to connect to a superior state of being as it does now.

Through art, we can fuse reality and imagination in a way that can outlast us. It connects us to a cosmic sense of existence that makes our mundane lives more acceptable.

Modern education in India with its emphasis on STEM, science-based disciplines and almost complete discarding of art from the curricula, and including literature too; produces graduates bereft of a sense of grandeur and universal spirit. It does not help that the broader society at best engages with commercial movies as the highest form of art. There are hardly any patrons or even artists or literary figures that can infuse the spirit of art in society. All this adds to a mechanistic, transactional life. Time we addressed this.

China and India - Two tales

 China and India are two veritable giants in the world. Long history, ancient civilisations. Not to forget they are neighbours who are into skirmishes off and on. They fought a war in 1962. Another one was recently in 2020. China banned the last Indian reporter from being in the country this week. There is always an undercurrent of hostility between these two nations.

Two incidents are amongst the most defining in their history.

The first one is a glorious, inspiring one. In the 7th century, under the Tang dynasty, China had postal systems, road networks and a flourishing open culture. Since that time, Xuanzang is one of the most respected figures in Chinese history. In 629 AD, he crossed the Himalayas into India to learn more about Buddhism. He spent seventeen years travelling to Peshwar, Patna, Kanchi, Bodh Gaya, Bengal, Malwa and Gujarat amongst other places. He spent two years in monasteries in Kashmir trying to understand Buddhist philosophies. He also spent two years studying at the University in Nalanda.  Sixteen years after he had left, in 645 AD, he went back to China laden with books, statues and other cultural artefacts. He was considered wise and evolved. When he went back, he was given a rapturous welcome by the people and the emperor asked him to be his Prime Minister. He decided to continue as a monk. His influence triggered a great intermingling of Indian, Buddhist and Chinese cultures with hundreds of monks travelling across these countries. China became a centre of Buddhism too with Indian influences and two great civilisations drew from each other.

Another significant interaction between India and China was around opium almost 1000 years later.  East India Company had established itself in India in 1757 and over time it started smuggling opium from Bengal into China. This had its own bad effects. Opium addiction had grown tremendously in the population. Estimates put the number of addicts at 12 million and the annual trade of opium at 30,000 chests of 170 pounds each. 

To curb this menace, the emperor appointed a commissioner Lin Zexu. In 1839, he set about his task vigorously, arresting traders, seizing almost 1 million kilograms of opium and destroying it. The British then decided to attack the Chinese forces with an army from India consisting mostly of Indian sepoys. Eventually, the Chinese lost, conceding several important concessions including rights to Hong Kong. This has been always a sore wound in the Chinese mind.

Thus Buddhism and opium, both from India, in fact from the Eastern part of India, played a significant role in Chinese history and the relationship between these giants. 

Futile to Compare India with the West

India is a $1.4 trillion economy with a per capita income of $1000 odd. We tend to forget this when we crib about the facilities that the Government provides when we (read: a thin slice of the population with exposure to the West) compare our health facilities, roads, schools and welfare systems with those of Western countries like England, Germany, France and US. They are all $25000 odd or more per capita income economies. India is still way too behind.

Similarly, we fret and fume about the abysmal state of democratic institutions and the corrupt and squabbling politicians. But we are again comparing ourselves with countries which have a history of 200 to 300 years of democratic institutions and almost 100% literacy and single languages. India is still about 67% literate, has a maddening mix of cultures and languages with caste and religion thrown on top – a nightmare for governance.

It is good to be discontented and only this discontent will lead to progress but we need to accept the truth and realities too.

Anna's Movement

My post on Facebook on Anna on 23 Aug

Hi ! Can't support the movement because I think the method and the solution are wrong.

-Using Gandhian symbolisms like fasting,going to Rajghat,call for azaadi etc. for an action that is not Gandhian is manipulative.Gandhi fasted to repent or touch the conscience not to force.

- Right or wrong,good or bad,I as an ordinary citizen,have chosen MPs to frame laws - they are accountable to us. Anna's team does not hv the right to force an act on the rest.

-Dangerous precedent - signal to many that with a cause and some noisy support, they can armtwist.Too risky for a country with diverse agendas.

-Another body(an army of inspectors -Nilekeni) with such powers in India will be a worse version of legislature/judiciary/executive - corrupt & ineffective.Does not address fundmental issues of transparency,too much power with Govt etc.Cure worse than malady.

-Need to go to top experts for curing the cancer of corruption not quacks. All sensible voices who understand law,history and society etc. are apprehensive - people like Pratap Bhanu Mehta,newspaper editors,Harish Salve,Nilekeni and many more.

- The system is terribly rotten but need the right method and right solution (decentralisation,transparency etc) for lasting change.

Guilty Till Proved Innocent

Arushi Talwar’s case illustrates the abysmal level of public discourse in India.

The incompetence of almost all the institutions is the source. The wild proliferation of media, both TV and press, has positively worsened matters. The media picks up any insinuation and innuendo and has a tendency to make it a headline. The public laps it up.

In the Arushi murder case, the cops have done a thoroughly shoddy investigation, done u-turns on their conclusions, changed completely or selectively the reporting of key evidences. The trial court judgement flies in the face of common sense. The headlines in our media have picked up some incredible allegations and already pronounced the Talwars guilty. They have floated various theories around justifying the gory character of the Talwars.

In this environment, Open and Tehelka have done a yeoman service by publishing a different point of view. Their items are sensible, fact-based and coherent. It seems that anyone who studies the case closely believes that the Talwars are not guilty.

However, the bigger question is if the Talwars are not guility, who takes the responsibility for ruining their lives and in fact, they have suffered a punishment of unprecedented calumny and slander impossible for any human being to bear. Is it the CBI with its ineptness, the UP police with its crooked ways or the media with its only intent to sell? What punishment do they get?

Who is Surprised ? Corruption is Everywhere.

There is suddenly a lot of hullabaloo recently about corruption. It is as if a very honest society suddenly discovered that its ministers and politicians were corrupt and the civil servants and army were not completely above board.

On the contrary, it is obvious to anyone who has some understanding of the country that corruption permeates every aspect of life. The constable lets you off by taking fifty rupees, the provident fund clerks want money to disclose your own balance, the income tax officer takes money to release your returns and some schools want money under the table for a child’s admission. The engineers take money from the contractors, the doctors demand money from patients in government hospitals and the bank manager expects to be bribed for approving a loan. The more powerful bureaucrats and politicians dispense favours from their discretionary powers and plunder the state happily knowing that nothing is going to happen to them. They want free passes if you are holding events, premium plots if you are selling land and petty cash if you want their signature.

This is now part of the work fabric of the Indian officialdom. Barring honourable exceptions everyone knows this. This is an open secret. Yet in the public theatre of day to day life, this is discussed only when somebody is foolish enough to be exposed. In fact the ones who get caught are either stupid or too greedy. The savvy operators keep amassing wealth merrily and not leaving any evidence behind.

The much bandied amount of 1.76 lacs cr is only a notional figure. The money actually exchanged in the 2G saga may be chicken-feed compared to the systematic everyday loot by the various state players.

Commonwealth Games 2010

CWG 2010 had its share of drama - bungled preparations,a redeeming opening,some excellent Indian performances and organised chaos that is typical of India.The media went from despair to euphoria and the usual target was Kalmadi.But 'Business Standard' possibly had the most balanced and objective take after the event.

Heads must roll

Games ended well, but all was not well. Business Standard / New Delhi October 18, 2010, 0:36 IST


India’s sportspersons have every reason to be proud of their performance at the 19th Commonwealth Games. While not too many world and Olympic records were broken, the impressive performance of Indian sportspersons, especially women, has done the nation proud. Kudos also to the organisers of the events and to Delhi police and security forces for their handling of security and traffic management. New Delhi was not the chaos many feared it would be. The opening and closing ceremonies were competently handled, even if the telecast was poor and the show failed to inspire, seeking merely to entertain. While the Games ended well, all was certainly not well with the organisation and those guilty of corruption, inefficiency and mismanagement should be punished. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh did well not to waste time instituting a high-level enquiry by former Comptroller and Auditor General V K Shunglu. This is welcome activism on the part of the prime minister. Hopefully, it signals a new style. Dr Singh has been far too retiring in his ways in the first year of his second term. The nation would welcome a more assertive prime minister and a more energetic government.

To facilitate a fair enquiry, the ministers and officials whose role may come under scrutiny should be asked to step down till the enquiry is over. To begin with, Suresh Kalmadi should be asked to step down from all his current positions, including from the Indian Olympic Association. Whistleblower protection should be ensured to enable those in the know to depose before the commission of enquiry. The roll call of punishment must begin with former Union sports minister Mani Shankar Aiyar. He should be made to give up his seat in Parliament for the ignominy he has heaped on his government, his party and the country. Next, Union ministers M S Gill and Jaipal Reddy should resign from their present positions. Mr Gill’s improprieties, a former chief election commissioner joining a political party and becoming a minister, are many. His unacceptable behaviour towards sportspersons and his incompetent leadership at the ministry are adequate reasons for his retirement from public life. Mr Reddy too failed to deliver at the ministry of urban development. Then come three government functionaries — the Lt Governor of Delhi, the Union cabinet secretary and the principal secretary to the prime minister. All three failed in providing leadership even after they were specifically asked to step in and stem the rot and get things going. Most of the last-mile issues could have been avoided if these worthies had been more competent and provided better leadership in the six months preceding the Games. As for Delhi Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit, the voters of Delhi will have to take a view at the appropriate time. She has argued that she was never empowered to be able to deliver. This is a fair defence. Delhi needs a clear line of command for it to function efficiently as a national Capital. The jury is out on her culpability. But all the other heads must roll.

The Crisis Knocking on Our Door

The Indian society is in a crisis – a deep and pervasive moral crisis. For a very religious country, where the average individual spends an hour in propitiating Gods or listening to assorted Gurus on good conduct, this would be funny if it were not so tragic.

The Indian society has three types of people. The bureaucratic, political and business establishment which indulges in unabashed loot of the exchequer and public resources is the first type. The second group is the self-absorbed who cocoon themselves in their own worlds and ignore everything outside .The last is the silent but frustrated sufferers -this is the group which may be seventy per cent of the population which bears the full brunt of exploitation and relative inequality widening away as the elite plunder or cynically manipulate rules and the law. This group lives on less than ten thousand rupees of monthly income for the household and in many cases does not have enough to eat or has very limited or no access to medical facilities or education. This group generates the Naxalites and the stone-throwers in Kashmir.

The corruption is not new but with the Government’s coffers being full from years of economic growth, the scale and the amounts being siphoned off are large. Land is another asset class which is up for grabs.

Pritish Nandy has written an impassioned piece about the psychological devastations that corruption can bring and Sudeshna Sen, in ET, writes about the prevalent social mood with acute insight.

A father who failed Pritish Nandy
14 September 2010, 10:51 AM IST

Parenthood is fascinating. You live through excitement, joy, guilt, worry, hope, concern in quick succession and before you know it your children have grown up into young adults who have a life of their own. That’s when you try to quietly assess how good you were as a father and whether you quite measured up to the standards your parents set.

We were a middle class family. My father taught in Hislop College, Nagpur and then moved to Kolkata. My mother wanted to support his meagre earnings and started teaching Bengali in La Martiniere. That’s how I studied there at a subsidised fee. Much of what I am today is what they taught me to be but it has taken me a long time to acknowledge it. Meanwhile, my father went away, where all fathers go, 32 years ago, strapped to a hospital bed in an unfamiliar city. It was a simple surgery but the doctor messed it up. I never got to say goodbye to him because he was in coma when I reached.

My mother, a fiercely independent woman, loved Kolkata and the tiny rented flat where she lived with my father. Circumstances forced her to come to Mumbai to become a reluctant member of my family. Though she died with her head on my lap at 92, I couldn’t say goodbye to her either because her mind had wandered away many years ago to where my father was. The doctor called it Alzheimer’s.

My children have grown up and though I never gave them enough time, I tried to pass on to them all I had learnt. I also taught them the little things I had picked up on the way: How to write, think, create, savour the joys of discovering new things every day and add them to your life. I taught them that habit is tiresome. Life is this great adventure where you experience different things every day. Some beautiful. Some dangerous. Some sad and disappointing. You learn from each. Their grounding was done by their mothers and, in one case, by my own mother. I only added the magic to it. Or so I would like to believe, like all fathers.

Parenthood was never a chore for me and I often argued with my wife because she thought so. After all, she washed the nappies. She saw them off to school. She helped with homework. She went to school concerts and she attended the parent teacher meets. She had good reason to complain. I had all the fun with them and, according to her, spoilt them silly. It was an unfair deal but life dealt it that way and we all went along. But now, after so many years, I feel I did it all wrong. Everything I taught my children has, in effect, handicapped them. It has made them inadequate to face the world they are in. Unfortunately I knew no better. But that does not absolve me from my sense of guilt.

Every day, as a new scam breaks out in sports, politics, business, healthcare, in the army or in education, I watch their disappointment. The nation I taught them to love, respect and defend as they would their own mother has become the biggest breeding ground for rogues, rascals, thieves and thugs. The cricket they were so passionate about is now run by betting syndicates. The city we once adored is now owned by builders, criminals, extortionists, and politicians who are often all three. My own achievements and awards look like an embarrassment today because most of these are now on sale. People we once looked down on for their lack of scruples are the new icons in a world where all art, music, sport, in fact all achievement is measured in terms of who earns how much, a fact that’s gleefully plastered across all media. And here, I brought up my children never to talk money because it’s in bad taste!

What we once shunned is now admired. What we once disapproved are now the ideals of a new society being built on the premise that whatever makes money is good. We are back to Gordon Gekko. He is the God we have rediscovered. Wealth is the new measure of a person’s place in society. Success is measured by earnings. India is rated by its GDP growth and how the stock market’s faring. This leaves behind 90% of Indians to fend for themselves in a world they were never trained to cope with. They can’t fudge marks to get into college. They can’t cheat people to get ahead on their jobs. They can’t fix deals to become rich and famous. They can’t even cope with the new morality because foolish, idealistic parents like you and I didn’t teach them what they needed to know to get by in today’s world. We have let them loose, with no survival skills, in a bazaar where everything’s up for sale, from mangroves to body parts. How do we blame our kids when they rebel against us?

Letters from London It’s broken society everywhere!
Sudeshna Sen Monday September 13, 2010, 09:49 AM

“ Madam yahan pe subko tension hai. Koi khush nahin hai,” my auto driver tells me voluntarily. A few weeks ago, when an old friend told me that Mumbai is gone down the drain, there’s too much anger and conflict, in a pub off Piccadilly, I put it down to the usual middle class whingeing.


Somehow, I’m beginning to believe him. Okay, so Mumbai ain’t India. I know that as well as Rahul Gandhi does. London ain’t Newcastle, either. However, it is held up as this shining example of the new, growing, wannabe global power that India wants to be, the story Indian corporates, politicians, dignitaries and I are always telling westerners. And okay, I’m here in the middle of the rains, everyone’s grumpy.


Still, as usual, it’s the cabbies and auto-wallahs who have their hand on the pulse of a place. I dunno what it’s like in Delhi or Bangalore, but if I had to identify a single strand that stands out on this visit, it’s that I see absolutely no sign, on the ground, among the rich or the poor or middle class of this alleged prosperity we write about. All I see is almost hysterical greed and ambition, frustration , and increasing polarisation between different sections of the population.


Everyone’s not just unhappy, they’re living in a state of permanent anger, angst and stress. The polarisation between the haves and have-nots is beginning to burst out of its seams. So this is anecdotal. But in just one week, I’ve heard of at least three cases of randomised violence and armed attacks in the streets of Mumbai, in broad daylight. And this used to be a place a woman could travel alone at midnight. I don’t have the crime statistics, but I bet they’re stratospheric.


There’s an epidemic of dengue, malaria, and god knows what else, diseases that were eradicated 20 years ago which is killing off both the rich and the poor without discrimination. Neither the public health authorities, nor the medical and healthcare system is able to cope in any way. More on that next time.


Customer services, something I always claimed was way better in India than in London, is deteriorating to, as someone told me, ‘third world levels like where you live’ . Take telecoms, an example we use globally to show off India’s homegrown business success. ‘India’s telecoms industry can show the world how to do business,’ we tell the world. Now, that bane of the developed world., “please hold on, your call is important to us” , that too in an American accent, has arrived here with a vengeance. I didn’t realise that there’s a shortage of people in India, so everything has to be automated to total incompetence.


The rip-off culture has arrived too. Whether its clothes, property, eating out, movies , or basics, the prices are off the wall, even by sterling standards. The value for money culture, which gave the world the concept of sachets, something we again tell western corporations to learn from us, has given way to outrageous pricing. After all somebody is willing to be ripped off to assuage their wannabe aspirations.


Kids, no wonder they keep killing themselves at exam time, are under inhuman pressure to compete, succeed, and then what? Live a life of even more stress.


In the business sector, I thought, people should be fine. After all, those delicious growth and profit rates, all those economic indicators. But no. Everyone I meet is frustrated to killing point, working 18-hour days, hating every minute of it, but unable to get off the corporate treadmill. Of being seen as ‘successful’ . In one era, we Indians had to struggle for basic survival. Now, everyone has to struggle even harder to live with alleged prosperity.


The worst thing is, nobody seems to care. When I ask these questions, it’s met with a shrug. The middle class has too many problems of its own to be bothered about the poor, the poor are getting angrier and desperate, the rich, as always, don’t care. For a while now, ‘feel-good’ has been the holy grail of media and establishment. It’s almost a national conspiracy, let’s ignore the warts and bad things, focus only on those glitzy nightclubs and idolise success. I live in a society at the other end of the rainbow, where success is looked on with deep suspicion. Where the perils of affluence have turned full circle and come back to bite those societies in the tail so badly, that David Cameron had to coin a concept for it. ‘Broken Britain,’ he called it. You can argue with him, but he’s right. British society is pretty much broken, socially and economically.


‘Broken society’ is the only word that comes to mind to describe what I see around me, already and not after half a century. Okay, inclusive growth is a buzzword, but most people think it happens somewhere to tribals in Orissa. It’s happening right here, in the mega-cities that are supposed to lead the charge that will make India a world superpower.


What, exactly, is the purpose of all this economic growth if people are going to die of primitive diseases, and struggle even harder than previous generations did to survive? No politician or government can fix it. They tried that option in Britain , and look where it got them. It’s high time we stopped blindly celebrating success, and paid attention to what’s happening to people’s lives, and our society.

Great Stories in Time 100

The ‘Time 100’ for all its American slant and shortcomings always manages to showcase some extraordinary people. The current list has legends like Oprah, Bill Clinton, Obama, Jobs and Elton John who have exercised enormous influence on millions.

It also features the Brazilian President Lula, who started working after fifth grade to support his family, worked as a shoeshine boy, lost part of his finger in a factory accident and then at 25 watched his wife Maria and child die during pregnancy. Now he steers Brazil to a new high. Judge Sonia Sotomayor was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes at 8, lost her factory worker father at 9 and with her trail blazing work has now been nominated to the US Supreme Court as an associate justice, the third woman in history and the first Latin American.

Fifty years ago, nobody gave Singapore a chance to survive and almost single-handedly, Lee Kuan Yew has transformed it to a leading city-state. Kissinger calls him the finest strategist in the world.

Elon Musk, 38 and born in South African is in the Da Vinci mould. He has designed and/or founded PayPal, Tesla (electric cars), and Space X (now with a contract for NASA’s outer space transport) and is the largest provider of solar power systems in the US. Truly, extraordinary.

With nine in the list, the Indians seem over -represented. Chetan Bhagat is a curious choice. Some like Namperumalsamy and Sanjit Roy, despite sterling work, are yet to be widely acknowledged in India. Manmohan Singh, Amartya Sen and Tendulkar continue to shine.